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Key letters: the Secretary Hand e and s

If you can develop the ability to read two particular Secretary Hand letters, the e and the s, without thinking, you will have taken a huge step in Early Modern Scottish palaeography. This is because the letters e and s are the most frequently used vowel and consonant, respectively, in English and Scots.

Secretary Hand 'e's look a bit like the Greek letter theta:๐›‰. Once the brain of a palaeographer begins to recognize the Secretary Hand e, without having to stop and think, or r๐›‰f๐›‰r to a k๐›‰y, his or h๐›‰r r๐›‰ading sp๐›‰๐›‰d incr๐›‰as๐›‰s mark๐›‰dly, if only b๐›‰caus๐›‰, the l๐›‰tt๐›‰r ๐›‰ is th๐›‰ most commonly us๐›‰d vow๐›‰l in Scots docum๐›‰nts.

Here are some examples of Secretary Hand e from 17th century Scottish documents.

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Examples of secretary hand e

The letter s in Secretary Hand comes in two forms: the long s, which descends below the line:

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Secretary hand long s

and the short s:

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Secretary hand short s

There was a tendency to use the long s when starting words, and the short s when finishing words: as in the word scandalous below.

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the word scandalous showing both long and short s


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